What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Overview and Symptoms

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a debilitating, progressive neurological disorder that affects motor neurons, the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement.

The disease typically affects people in their 40s and 50s, and there is no known cure. Symptoms of ALS can include muscle weakness, slurred speech, difficulty breathing, and eventually paralysis.

Types of ALS

There are two main types of ALS:

• Limb-onset ALS: Symptoms first appear in the arms or legs.
• Bulbar-onset ALS: Symptoms first appear in the face, mouth, or throat.

Limb-onset ALS is more common, accounting for about 70% of cases. Bulbar-onset ALS is more aggressive and can lead to earlier respiratory and swallowing problems.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of ALS is unknown, but research suggests that it may be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

Certain risk factors have been identified, including:

• Age (most people diagnosed with ALS are over 40)
• Family history of ALS
• Military service (particularly those who have been deployed to the Persian Gulf War)
li>Exposure to certain chemicals, such as lead and mercury

Treatment and Prognosis

There is no cure for ALS, but treatment can help to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment options may include:

• Medications to slow the progression of the disease
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve mobility
• Occupational therapy to help with daily activities
• Speech therapy to improve speech and swallowing
• Respiratory therapy to help with breathing

The prognosis for ALS varies. The average life expectancy after diagnosis is 3-5 years, but some people may live for many years with the disease.